When Were Credit Scores Invented?

Wanting to learn about the history of credit scores? Understanding how credit works is key to starting your credit-building journey. This blog has you covered.

Before we jump into where and when credit scores started, let’s have a little refresher on how exactly credit scores work.

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How does credit work?

There are three main credit bureaus in America - Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. Here’s how Experian explains credit scores:

“A credit score reflects how reliable you are when it comes to repaying money. Your credit score is based on how you’ve handled money in the past. The higher your credit score, the better your chances of being accepted for credit, and at the best rates.”

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So that’s the basic summary. Let’s look at how it works in action:

• When you take out credit, your repayment information (from merchants, lenders, landlords, etc.,) is sold to credit bureaus
• A credit scoring company, such as FICO, compiles the information from these credit bureaus to make a credit score, using a certain formula (we’ll explain this further down)
• When you’re looking to use credit to make a purchase in the future (such as a car) or a purchase that relies on your ability to make timely payments (such as renting an apartment), the person or company you’re purchasing from will use this information to decide what you qualify for

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When did credit scores start?

Credit scores as we know them today were brought into existence in 1989, by Fair, Isaac, and Company. Or FICO, as they’re now known. Before this though, forms of credit reporting had been around for hundreds of years. For example, merchants in the 1800s would use written credit reporting systems to decide whether prospective business partners were trustworthy.

However, for many decades, this method of credit reporting took into account the subjective opinions of people and businesses, which often included a heavy dose of racism. This kind of credit reporting, then, acted as a kind of redlining.

As credit scores became computerized in the 60s, lenders were still reluctant to drop “character assessments” in their evaluation of people’s creditworthiness.

Then, in 1989, FICO worked with the national credit bureaus to create a scoring model that could be used to evaluate all consumers, using the three-digit scale that we know today.

However, just because credit scores are now judged on a fair scale, doesn’t mean the world of credit is an even playing field. Because of hundreds of years of systemic and institutional racism in America, credit scores remain a signifier of inequality. Up to 26 million ‘credit invisible’ people struggle with a lack of credit history, and this disproportionately affects Hispanic and Black Americans.

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What affects your credit score?

Once your credit history has been reported to the credit bureaus, it is generated into a credit score by companies such as FICO.  FICO explains how this score is calculated:

• 35% is based on your on-time payment record.
• 30% is based on credit utilization.
• 15% is based on length of credit history.
• 10% is based on credit mix.
• 10% is based on recent borrowing inquiries.

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So the largest factor is on-time payments.

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How long does it take to build credit from 0?

According to Experian, it can take around 6 months to build a credit score from scratch. This is based on how long it takes to build a FICO score.

A good or excellent credit score can take longer - years, even. This is because a credit score is largely based on building up timely payments over a long period of time.

So, it is about playing a long game. But there are hacks you can for sure use to speed up the process:

• Always pay your bills on  time. It might sound small, but this is super important considering timely payments make up the majority of your credit score. Because you’re literally on the Cleo blog right now, we’ll just mention that Cleo’s free budgeting feature will create a personalized budget for you and remind you when bills need to be paid. And with the Builder subscription, you can use these timely payments to work on your score (scroll down to find out more).
• Monitor your credit report. Another simple but important hack. Monitoring your credit report helps you get a better understanding of what’s affecting it, and spot any errors in the report.
• Use a credit card to build credit. The obvious choice. But there are many reasons why you might have to avoid credit cards - for example, if you have a poor credit score, (between 300-579), then the annual percentage rate (APR) might be higher.
• Use a secured card to build  credit. With these types of cards, you pay a security deposit which then becomes your credit limit.

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With the Credit Builder Card,* Cleo keeps it simple

The Cleo Credit Builder Card* is a type of secured card. We created it to help people fix their credit, without having to jump through a million hoops. It comes with no interest and requires no credit checks.

It’s this simple:

1. The amount you add to your security deposit becomes your credit limit (there’s a minimum deposit of $1)
2. You spend the money on the card - and repay it automatically if you switch on autopay
3. Cleo reports your payments to credit bureaus and (if they’re on time) your credit starts to build

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Here’s a more in-depth breakdown of how easy the Credit Builder Card is*

💵 You add some cash to your security deposit (as we said, minimum deposit of $1). The amount of money you put in becomes your credit limit.

💵 You go shopping. You spend money on the card and then pay back the balance on time monthly. Here’s the hack: you can make repayment automatic with autopay.

💵 If you choose to add bills or subscriptions to these payments, you can drop some life admin and spend automatically. Bonus points for setting up bill reminders with Cleo’s free budgeting feature. That’s efficiency, baby.

💵 Keep track of your credit score in the ‘borrow’ tab.

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Ready to start your credit-building journey?

Here’s how.

You’ll be able to apply for the card once you sign up for the Cleo Builder subscription, which is $14.99 per month. With this, you get:

• The option to apply for a cash advance** of up to $270
• Cashback rewards** (get money back when you spend at some of your fave stores)
• Priority support to help you on your credit journey
• Access to all of Cleo’s free features, duh

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Enjoy this post? Give it a share or send it along to a friend. You never know, it could make a big difference. Big love. Cleo 💙

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*TheCredit Builder Card is issued by WebBank, Member FDIC pursuant to a licensefrom Visa USA Inc. Access to the Card is subject to approval.

**“Cash/SalaryAdvance” and “Cashback Rewards” are features of the Cleo Builder Subscriptionand not the Credit Builder Card. The “Card Cash Advance” is a feature unique tothe Credit Builder Card and allows you to advance cash at an ATM. The Card CashAdvance is subject to a $2.50 fee per transaction plus any fee that may becharged by the ATM or Bank. This feature is only available to holders of theCredit Builder Card.